The purpose of this document is to provide practical guidance on land preparation for afforestation and cultivation on sloping land affected by water erosion. Part I deals with practices and-techniques for land clearing and preparation for afforestation in watersheds. Special consideration is given to environmental effects and means to minimize erosion. Part II on terraces and ditches describes conservation methods and land treatment for agricultural use of sloping land, ranging from annual to permanent crops. Layout, construction and maintenance of terraces and hillside ditches are described in detail, as well as the protection of terrace risers, outlets and waterways.