This bulletin was prepared to show the current state-of-the-practice for the design of new dams to resist earthquake forces and for treating existing dams to make them better able to withstand earthquake shaking. This bulletin gives remedial measures for improving the safety of existing impoundments. It also gives a very comprehensive collection of references so that the reader can go back to original sources and study various methods in greater detail.
The forecast of seismic hazard in mines depends on the planned mining sequence and therefore it is required to: 1. Model the changes in stresses and strains associated with future mining. 2. Transform these changes to the parameters of expected potentially damaging seismic events (location, time, size, mechanism). This modelling of expected seismicity has to be calibrated. It needs to be shown that the recorded seismic response to the mining in the past can be replicated using a numerical model. The seismic hazard calculated for future mining steps also needs to be tested against the observed seismicity after the planned mining is completed. The same mathematical framework can be used for both the calibration and the testing of seismic hazard forecasts. The area skill score (Zechar & Jordan 2008) is adopted to assess the match between the location of significant seismic events and calculated hazard maps for the past mining steps (calibration) and forecast maps for the future mining steps (testing). The 3D rotation angle (Kagan 2007) is used to compare the source mechanisms of recorded significant seismic events with the expected mechanisms for the past and future mining steps. The seismic events affecting the poor performance of the forecast both in terms of location and source mechanisms can guide possible adjustment to the input parameters of the model (e.g. orientation of in situ stress, failure criteria) and help to improve the forecasts. The suggested approach of calibrating and testing of seismic hazard forecasts is illustrated using data from Renison mine, Australia.
These guidelines provide the basic framework for the earthquake design and evaluation of dams. The general philosophy and principles for each part of the framework are described in suffcient detail to achieve a reasonable degree of uniform application among the federal agencies involved in the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and regulation of dams. The guidelines are presented in four parts: selection of design or safety evaluation for earthquakes; characterization of ground motions; seismic analyses of the dams and foundations; and evaluation of structural adequacy for earthquake loading.
While not specific to tailings, this webinar includes valuable knowledge for tailings engineers. This course is closely tied to the ASCE 7-05 and 2006 IBC seismic load requirements, will benefit all structural engineers who would like to improve their earthquake engineering skills through mastery of the fundamental principles. It will be of value to engineers at all levels of experience. The course focuses on fundamental concepts, and is designed for practicing structural and architectural engineers, contractors, building officials, facilities managers, and educators. You will: understand the cause and effect of earthquake ground motions; develop a feel for the dynamic behavior of structures; understand the principles of dynamic analysis of structures; understand why inelastic behavior and associated damage may be unavoidable; learn how to control damage through special detailing procedures, and develop a clear understanding of the theory behind the complex building code provisions for earthquake resistant design.
While not specific to tailings, this resource includes valuable knowledge for tailings engineers. Proceedings of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV, held in Sacramento, California, May 18-22, 2008. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication (GSP 181) contains 234 papers covering topics in soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. This volume includes papers on these topics: engineering seismology, dynamics material properties, geophysical methods, SASW benchmarking, site response, liquefaction, ground improvement, embankment dams, tailings dams, landfills, levees, lifelines and networks, mapping and zoning, NEESR research, numerical modeling, piers and wharves, retaining structures, foundation dynamics, soil-structure interaction, stability of natural slopes, and surface fault rupture.
In the present study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the geotechnical properties of four different tailings, including two iron tailings (coarse and fine) and two copper tailings (coarse and fine).
The web-based Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) ground motion database provides tools for searching, selecting and downloading ground motion data. ALL downloaded records are UNSCALED and as-recorded (UNROTATED). The scaling tool available on this site is to be used to determine the scale factors to be used in the simulation platform. These scale factors can be found with the record metadata in the download (Scaling the traces within this tool would only cause confusion with file versioning).
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is responsible for monitoring, reporting, and researching earthquakes and earthquake hazards. The USGS collaborates with organizations that develop building codes (for buildings, bridges, and other structures) to make seismic design parameter values available to engineers. The design code developers first decide how USGS earthquake hazard information should be applied in design practice. Then, the USGS calculates values of seismic design parameters based on USGS hazard values and in accordance with design code procedures.