The dam owner is the frst line of defense in the appropriate maintenance and safe operation of dams. This brochure describes the dangers presented by problem vegetation on earthen embankment dams and discusses how to identify problem vegetation. A quick quiz is included for dam owners to determine whether their dam may be at risk for problems related to inappropriate vegetation.
Olympias Mine is operated by Hellas Gold S.A., a subsidiary of Eldorado Gold Corporation. The orebody shape and size are suitable for a drift and fill mining method. The mining sequence is overhand and the demand for backfill strengths are generally low except for the initial sill cuts. The design fill strengths are determined from the planned stope exposures to allow for safe extraction of the ore in adjacent drifts and immediately below the initial sill drifts with minimum dilution. Due to the permit constraints imposed on mining at Olympias Mine, after an environmental impact assessment, there is a requirement that the final backfill strength must reach a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of 4.0 MPa at 28-day cure age. By developing a suit of mix recipes incorporating superplasticiser admixtures, it was possible to achieve the strength demands and the workability of the backfill. This paper presents the results from comprehensive test work conducted on whole mill tailings and cyclone mill tailings to produce high strength backfill.
The purpose of this technical manual for dam owners is to advance awareness of the characteristics and seriousness of dam safety problems associated with tree and woody vegetation growth impacts on earthen dams, provide a higher level of understanding of dam safety issues by reviewing current damage control policies, provide state-of-practice guidance for remediation design considerations associated with damages associated with tree and woody vegetation growth on earthen dams, and to provide rationale and state-of-practice techniques and procedures for management of desirable and undesirable vegetation on earthen dams.