To evaluate the seismic response of high-profile tailings storage facilities (TSFs), advanced nonlinear deformation analyses (NDAs) are often performed using effective stress constitutive models capable of simulating cyclic pore pressure generation and deformation. In this study, fully coupled 2D NDAs were conducted in FLAC using the PM4Sand and PM4Silt critical state compatible, bounding surface plasticity models to simulate the seismic response of a well-documented 160-ft-high TSF subjected to a Mw 5.7 earthquake, with recorded peak ground accelerations (PGA) up to approximately 0.25 g on the facility. The analyses evaluated the coupled dynamic response of the embankment and tailings, including time histories estimated at depth, deformation patterns, and excess pore water pressure generation.

The fully coupled analyses produced ranges of seismic response that were consistent with observed field performance, including measured deformations and pore pressure behavior within the tailings impoundment. The results demonstrate that advanced effective stress modeling can provide realistic estimates of TSF performance during seismic events and offer valuable insight into the mechanisms governing earthquake-induced deformation and pore pressure development in tailings storage facilities.